Input / Output in Java using Scanner and BufferedReader

This guide covers user input handling in Java using both Scanner and BufferedReader, including examples, best practices, and comparison.

Introduction to Input in Java

In Java, you often need to read data from the user.

Two commonly used classes for this purpose are:

1. Scanner (part of java.util)
2. BufferedReader (part of java.io)

Both allow reading text input, but have different use cases and performance characteristics.

1. Using Scanner Class

• Introduced in Java 5, Scanner is easy to use and popular for console input.
• Supports reading different types: int, double, String, etc.

Import Scanner

import java.util.Scanner;

Example: Reading Basic Inputs

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ScannerExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
        String name = sc.nextLine(); // read a line

        System.out.print("Enter your age: ");
        int age = sc.nextInt(); // read an integer

        System.out.println("Name: " + name);
        System.out.println("Age: " + age);

        sc.close(); // close scanner
    }
}

Output (User Input Example):

Enter your name: John
Enter your age: 25
Name: John
Age: 25

Code Explanation

• Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); → Creates a Scanner object to read input from the keyboard.
• nextLine() → Reads a full line (including spaces).
• nextInt() → Reads an integer input.
• System.out.println() → Displays the output to the console.
• Always call sc.close() to release the input stream resource.

Scanner Methods

Tip: After nextInt() or nextDouble(), use sc.nextLine() if you plan to read a line afterward to avoid skipping input.

2. Using BufferedReader Class

• Older, but faster than Scanner.
• Requires exception handling (IOException).
• Reads input as String, then you convert to other types.

Import BufferedReader

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;

Example: Reading Input

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class BufferedReaderExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
        String name = br.readLine();

        System.out.print("Enter your age: ");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine()); // convert string to int

        System.out.println("Name: " + name);
        System.out.println("Age: " + age);
    }
}

Output (User Input Example):

Enter your name: Alice
Enter your age: 30
Name: Alice
Age: 30

Code Explanation :

• BufferedReader reads input as text (String) only.

• You must convert the input manually using methods like Integer.parseInt() or Double.parseDouble().
• InputStreamReader(System.in) connects standard input (keyboard) to the BufferedReader stream.
• Throws IOException — so either handle with try-catch or declare throws IOException in the method signature.

BufferedReader Methods

3. Scanner vs BufferedReader

4. Example – Reading Multiple Inputs

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MultipleInputExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter 3 numbers: ");
        int a = sc.nextInt();
        int b = sc.nextInt();
        int c = sc.nextInt();

        int sum = a + b + c;
        System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);

        sc.close();
    }
}

Sample Input / Output:

Enter 3 numbers: 10 20 30
Sum: 60

Code Explanation

• You can enter multiple values separated by spaces — Scanner automatically separates them using whitespace.
• int sum = a + b + c; performs arithmetic operations using the entered values.
• This technique is commonly used in coding interviews or competitive programming for fast numeric input.

Best Practices

1. Always close resources like Scanner or BufferedReader to avoid memory leaks.
2. Use BufferedReader for large or high-performance input scenarios.
3. Prefer Scanner for simple console-based programs and interviews.
4. Avoid mixing nextInt() with nextLine() in Scanner without proper handling.
5. Always handle exceptions when using BufferedReader.